Theater de Quermesse

This article deals with the return of the Passeio Cantante artistic action to the streets, after two years of social isolation caused by COVID-19, with the aim of leaving a testimony of the experience of the arts of presence and isolation. It adds a narrative about the language that has been created from the intersection between historical heritage, scene and June tradition, which here is called Teatro de Quermesse. To describe how this caipira theater has been made, we add to the information related to Passeio Cantante, information about the urbanization of Campinas since the 18th century, about the people and the June tradition planted here since the 16th century. From the material gathered here, we show how this dramaturgy for alleys, squares and squares is thought of as a scenic event that evokes the memory of the city, from a political perspective of today with a view to proposals for the future. The text dialogues with Leda Maria Martins (1997;2002), Milton Santos (2014), Luis Antonio Simas (2019), among other references.

Changed Perceptions of Public Space through the Construction of Outdoor Bar Areas in the Course of the Conversion of Urban Areas during the Corona Pandemic, using the Example of Munich

This article deals with the change in the perception of public spaces due to the Corona pandemic. The focus is on the conversion of urban spaces through the construction of outdoor bar areas, a current and so far neglected issue from a scientific perspective. Against the background of the conceptual embedding of the concepts of public space and curb side dining areas (or synonymously: "Schanigärten”), the dealing with the latter in the study area of Munich is explained. In the context of the current situation in Munich, the influence of curb side dining areas on the perception of public space is first analysed by means of an explorative survey. The result of a conjoint analysis shows, among other things, a positive correlation between the presence of curb side dining areas and the perception of respective computer-simulated street scenes (with all possible combinations of the presence or absence of curb side dining areas, trees and parking spaces). In addition, a regression analysis is used to analyse the extent to which individual socio-demographic aspects (e.g., age, gender) and aspects of attitude (e.g., toward the conversion of urban parking lots) and behaviour (car use) influence perception. In a further step, specific street scenes are assessed using recent photographs from Munich in order to measure different aspects of perception as well. The evaluation of a semantic differential shows that street sections with "Schanigärten” are consistently perceived more positively (e.g. more interesting, safer, more inviting) than those without. Finally, and in the light of the Corona pandemic, the development of the "Schanigärten” in Munich is explained from an expert's perspective, before the article concludes with a summary and an outlook. © 2022 Austrian Geographical Society. All rights reserved.

Critical Commentary: Fickle spheres: The constant re/construction of the private and other new habits

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed mechanisms of power and authority to enter new urban realms – especially the very relationships lived between friends and lovers in bedrooms and parks. All of a sudden, everyone has a right to know who we are close to, when and how, all for the sake of public health and safety, to ensure the further functioning of our established public health system. The new policies transform Western ideas of public and private spheres: our bedrooms have turned into the space of self-representation and workplaces at the same time. On the other hand, what had been known as public space before has turned into the space to be private in: a walk through the city alone or with an intimate person. Yet all of these tendencies come with increased surveillance, not only by our peers, but also through technologies such as tracing apps. The very possibility of privacy and 'active' publicity is being questioned, and, through this, the realm of the political. This paper traces the observed shifts in the nature of the private and public spheres through examples in German cities, tracing power via embodied experiences. Those traces are reorganised into three argumentative strands: re/constructing privacies, public space as non-place and the proliferation of the data body. Based on these observations the paper searches for emancipatory perspectives within the shifted spheres of urban social life. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] 新冠疫情的蔓延使权力和权威机制进入了新的城市领域—尤其是朋友和恋人们之间在卧室和公园里的关系。突然之间，每个人都有权知道我们与谁、何时以及如何亲密接触，这一切都是以公共卫生和安全的名义，为了确保我们既定的公共卫生系统的进一步运作。新政策改变了西方对公共和私人领域的看法：我们的卧室同时变成了自我展示的空间和工作场所。另一方面，以前被称为公共空间的地方已经变成了私密的空间：独自或与亲密的人一起在城市中漫步。然而，所有这些趋势都伴随着越来越多的监控，不仅来自我们身边的人，还通过追踪应用程序等技术。隐私和"主动"曝光的可能性，进而政治领域正受到质疑。本文通过德国城市的例子（通过具身体验追踪权力）追踪观察到的私人和公共领域性质的变化。这些追踪被重组为三股争论：重新/构建隐私、作为非场所的公共空间和数据体的扩散。基于这些观察，本文在城市社会生活的变化范围内寻找解放性的视角。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Governing Rural Poverty on Urban Streets: Guangzhou's Management of Beggars in the Reform Era

This study investigates how discourses on panhandling intertwine with the governance of beggars on China's urban streets. It focuses on local policy implementation in Guangzhou city, led by the bureau of civil affairs along with its centres for "custody and repatriation” and "assistance stations.” The study aims to understand how the state regulates panhandling and engages with beggars in public spaces. Exploring the internal logic of the state's approach and how it has changed during the 40 years of reform, it also considers the junctures at which contradictions and conflicts arise. Based on fieldwork data (2011 to 2014) and the analysis of government documents, yearbooks, academic and mass media discourses, I argue that the state's treatment of panhandlers poses a conundrum as welfare measures conflict with control. While several layers of state regulation and actors contradict each other and create grey areas of state-induced informality, people who beg for alms are continuously criminalized and excluded from public space.

‘The slow pandemic': youth's climate activism and the stakes for youth movements under Covid-19

Pandemic conditions have affected social movement activity in various ways. In this article, we explore how young Cypriot climate activists, associated with the global Fridays for Future movement, attempt to integrate pandemic conditions in their mobilizing tactics, as well as how such conditions affect their collective youth agency. We first look into the strategic antagonistic framings they develop to counter dominant discourses of the pandemic as an unprecedented crisis and explore how these are informed by their understandings of, and emotions on, climate change as an effect of capitalism and overconsumption and as a type of ‘slow pandemic'. We argue that by extending climate change crisis discourse to encompass the cause of the pandemic, young activists assert temporality as continuity, rather than rupture, and challenge the distinction between the exceptional and the everyday on which Emergency governance is based on. By doing this, they unsettle adult hegemonic discourses on temporality, emergency and crisis that lead to an uneven world. Secondly, we reflect on the impact of Covid-19 on non-institutional youth activism by exploring the challenges these activists face to their sustenance and reproduction, given that access to public space, as we claim, is crucial for teenagers in developing the necessary relationality that is key for the maintenance of their social movement activity. We argue that youth movements emerge and operate within particular conditions which are currently under threat given the distinct mechanisms of governing populations engineered during Covid-19.

New urban habits in Stockholm following COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing, mobility restrictions and self-isolation measures were implemented around the world as the primary intervention to prevent the virus from spreading. Urban life has undergone sweeping changes, with people using spaces in new ways. Stockholm is a particularly relevant case of this phenomenon since most facilities, such as day care centres and schools, have remained open, in contrast to cities with a broader lockdown. In this study, we use Twitter data and an online map survey to study how COVID-19 restrictions have impacted the use of different locations, services and amenities in Stockholm. First, we compare the spatial distribution of 87,000 geolocated tweets pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we analyse 895 survey responses asking people to identify places they 'still visit', 'use more', 'avoid' and self-report reasons for using locations. The survey provides a nuanced understanding of whether and how restrictions have affected people. Service and seclusion were found to be important; therefore, the accessibility of such amenities was analysed, demonstrating how changes in urban habits are related to conditions of the local environment. We find how different parts of the city show different capacities to accommodate new habits and mitigate the effects of restrictions on people's use of urban spaces. In addition to the immediate relevance to COVID-19, this paper thus contributes to understanding how restrictions on movement and gathering, in any situation, expose more profound urban challenges related to segregation and social inequality.

The effect of ventilation performance on risk of indoor airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Ventilation performance plays a significant role in distributing contaminants and airborne infections indoors. Thus, poorly ventilated public spaces may be at high risk due to the presence of both infectious and susceptible people. Adapting HVAC ventilation systems to mitigate virus transmission requires considering ventilation rate, airflow patterns, air balancing, occupancy, and feature placement. The study aims to identify poorly ventilated spaces where airborne transmission of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 could be critical. This study is focused on evaluating the ventilation performance of the building stock and the safety of using the facilities based on measured indoor CO2. The results revealed the spaces with the potential risk of indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19. The study proposes recommendations for utilising air ventilation systems in different use cases. © 2022 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022. All rights reserved.

Hybrid cities and new working spaces-The case of Oslo

Recent decades have seen the emergence of hybrid models of living and working associated typologies. These developments have been analysed from the perspective of different disciplines, each with their own interpre-tation of this phenomenon. Planning and architecture have addressed hybridization as a specific form of inter-action between spatio-functional features (such as mixed use, multi-functionality and flexibility) and social features (such as formal and informal interactions and the spontaneous appropriation of spaces) or have sometimes simply focused on the spatio-functional dimension in urban spaces. Studies from other disciplines (e. g. mobility networks, transportation, sociology and information technology) have shown that hybrid spaces cannot exist without access to digitalization technologies. Such technologies are accelerating hybridization processes. This study examines the complex and layered phenomenon of hybridization as a possible combination of (or interaction between) spatio-functional, social and digital features within the planning debate and related fields. Most of the case studies explored by scholars so far have focused on interactions occurring between residential, social and recreational functions, but working functions are playing an increasingly important role. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of new forms of hybridity in cities. As a consequence, the rising use of hybrid (on-site and on-line) working practices, planners, policy makers and stakeholders, as well as scholars, have increasingly discussed the concept of hybridization. In this context, various hybrid typologies of urban spaces have materialized in forms such as new working spaces (NWS) which include co-working spaces, incubators, as well as some cafe ' s and multi-functional public libraries, which have recently provided working spaces. This paper focuses on the evolving concept of hybridity from the planning perspective. Based on five hybrid NWS including their surrounding neighbourhoods in Oslo, it provides empirical evidence for an understanding of the phenomenon that may support the development of hybrid spaces and buildings and develops suggestions for planning strategies.

Indoor Air Quality Improvements to Reduce Global Catastrophic Biological Risk

The importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) to reduce infectious disease transmission has become clear during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to SARS-CoV-2, other diseases, including RSV and influenza, are spread by airborne transmission, and often indoors-where most people spend over 90% of their lives. Given the importance of indoor environments in the spread of infectious disease, ventilation and filtration to improve IAQ should play a major role in preparing for a global catastrophic biological risk event (GCBR). This study involves performing a review of peer-reviewed literature and reports about improving indoor air quality in public spaces and interviewing technical experts in the fields of indoor air, building ownership, IAQ policy, and disease transmission control. The goal of the study is to identify and develop near and long-term policy actions for improving IAQ aimed to reduce GCBRs and other infectious diseases at various levels, including local and national. © 2022 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022. All rights reserved.

Racism in the Times of COVID-19: Angos, Dirty, Undisciplined, and Vendors in Quito, Ecuador

This chapter brings attention to the ways in which street and market vendors were racialized and targeted by authorities and police during and after the COVID-19 quarantine in Quito, Ecuador. This took place as vendors insisted on occupying streets and public spaces to find a livelihood amidst quarantine prohibitions and declining economic conditions. This study uses social media analysis and interviews to identify how and why authorities, the media, and a section of the population understood vendor indiscipline as the result of class and cultural difference while obscuring colonial racial logics and structural inequality. The study data show that authorities and the public identify vendors as less educated, less cultured, less civilized, and as more Indigenous. Simultaneously, racist comments used to describe vendors included "angos, " a Kichwa word that means resilience and flexibility. In the context of the COVID-19 quarantine, this term was used to describe bodies inherently more resistant to COVID-19, and also as bodies more likely to spread it. This study argues that angos and other terms discussed respond to colonial racial logics that date back to the nineteenth-century, linking race, vulnerability, and hygiene. Thus racialized bodies are seen as out of place and as contaminating public spaces. Such understandings are deeply engrained in people's consciousness, not only justifying the use of force against street and market vendors, but also denying the double vulnerability vendors face on a daily basis. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Cooking the/in Common: Elements of the Differential Production of Space in Collective Kitchens' Actions during the Covid-19 Pandemic

If, on the one hand, the intensification of social inequalities is an evident effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the other hand, it is also necessary to bring to light the popular organizations that gained strength in this sad period. These are self-organized local organizations such as community kitchens and gardens, neighborhood associations, health brigades, and other experiences that have been showing us that doing politics is much more than simply going to vote every two years. Such spatial practices confer the existence of what Henri Lefebvre (2013) calls "differential space", spaces of use, residues of the hegemonic everyday life, and, at the same time, resistance to it. As places of experimentation, they are also related to what Stavrides (2016) proposes as "thresholds", portals in which the common is allowed to emerge. This article presents these concepts as reading keys to understanding the actions and practices of community and collective kitchens from Curitiba during 2020 and 2021, in particular one maintained by the Marmitas da Terra collective, linked to the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST). As well, intends to analyze how these spaces can collaborate to the emergence of common practices and actions in urban daily life.

City-Effect: New Centralities in Post-pandemic Regional Metropolis Pescara-Chieti

Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, the functioning of cities has been challenged, both spatially and a-spatially. This has therefore, exposed parts of urban areas to obvious disruption. Cities have expressed an evident spatial centralisation in places with high identity values and specific functions. The frequent disruptions from health limitations have underlined the important relationship between compact cities and conterminous fragments, thus, starting a process of a sustainable rebalancing of the urban system. The purpose of this work is to present the case study of the regional metropolis Pescara-Chieti and highlight how these fragments can become new complementary centralities with the continuous city. These additional centralities can form a multipolar system with different intensities and contribute to the quality of life in peri-urban areas. Based on a literature review, a set of indicators and criteria is proposed to identify the city-effect, that is the capacity of the city to offer, attract and contain. The recent paradigms of the 15-min city, reinforce the thesis advocated and the consequent reconfigurations of urban space as a driver of regeneration and mitigation action at different planning levels. The methodology was applied to a conurbation of 14 municipalities in the Abruzzo Region (Italy), with polarity to the city of Pescara. This work reasons with city users, defined as dynamic on the territory by ISTAT (Italian National Institute of Statistics), on the spatial dislocation of amenities and accessibility. The results have underlined the relationship between spatial continuity and functional integration of urban fragments—interested by the movement of internal dynamics—with different degrees of city-effect. For the latter to be triggered, urban fragments must assume the role of new centrality through the urban project to counteract marginality phenomena. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Spatiotemporal analysis of retail: pre- and post-COVID dynamics in Gros, San Sebastian

The decrease of commercial activity that has been occurring in the last decade has recently accentuated by the COVID pandemic, affecting the livability of cities and public space. This paper analyzes the ground floor activities in Gros neighbourhood, in San Sebastian, Spain, observing both its temporal evolution and its spatial distribution. The study performs two in situ geolocation data collections in January and August 2020, immediately before and after the COVID lockdown in Spain. Through the collected data, it analyzes the distribution and evolution of ground floor space dedicated to public activities. The study concludes that the activities suffered a decrease of 1.8% in the analyzed period, and that activities located on pedestrianized streets or with fewer lanes have had fewer closures. The work also shows which efforts are needed for in situ data collection to guide urban policy. © 2022 Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza. All rights reserved.

Images as Communication of a New Normality. The Representation of the New Social Habits Introduced by the Covid19 Emergency in Public Spaces

In a constantly evolving society where radical socio-cultural changes have been introduced in the last year, as a consequence of the world health emergency linked to the spread of the Covid 19 virus, the centrality of images in the daily life of individuals has been reconfirmed. In situations of risk for the community, such as in the case of a health emergency due to the spread of a highly contagious virus, the role of communication is particularly important for public institutions, to obtain the cooperation of the population in procedures aimed at preventing the spread or slowing down the contagion, using images that describe the recommendations to be followed. The image confirms its social role in contemporary culture, as a means of communication and a channel for the rapid and direct dissemination of information, regardless of cultural level, language, or age. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The Use of Green Open Spaces as Climate Adaptation Effort During the Pandemic

Climate change does not only occur in general conditions, but also during a pandemic. Public green open space is seen as part of ecosystem services that play a major role in recovering from climate change, especially during the pandemic. But, higher accessibility to public green open space also means a higher risk of spreading infection due to the greater opportunity for people to meet each other. This study aims to see the use of green open spaces in Surakarta, even in pandemic Covid-19. The spatial correlation between Covid-19 cases and green open space usage will provide an overview of green open space usage in areas that has different risk of covid-19. Because green open space is an infrastructure that has the potential to be utilized by the community to improve health during a pandemic, it is also necessary to anticipate the behaviour of using green open space by the community. Therefore, in this study, the public's perception of using green open space before and after/during the pandemic will also be seen. The results shows that green open space usage in Surakarta decreased during pandemic. But, it is not because of the pandemic, but because of the weather and personal reasons.

Development of a Video Surveillance web Application for the use of Biosafety Equipment with Image Recognition for Workspaces

With the arrival of Covid-19, several preventive measures were implemented to limit the spread of this virus. Among these measures is the use of masks, both in open and closed public spaces. This measure has forced commercial establishments, workplaces, schools, hospitals, to maintain constant vigilance, upon entering their facilities, of the proper use of the mask, which should completely cover the nose, mouth and chin. However, this manual control is tedious and ineffective since most of the population is not able to correctly identify when a person has the mask on properly, with high error rates in the manual detection of the correct use of the mask according to surveys carried out. For this reason, this work proposes the automation of the detection of the proper use of the mask at the entrance to the work areas, also providing a follow-up panel of the recorded incidents. The effectiveness of the proposal was evaluated through the detection and categorization of a data set of more than 3000 images, resulting in an accuracy of 98.6%. © 2022 IEEE.

VIOLENCE AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST STREET VENDORS IN THE PANDEMIC SCENARIO

This research analyses how the pandemic has affected informal vendors and their families. Taking into account that the informal economy has been affected due to the measures taken by the government, which were linked to limiting the use of public space by people, we seek to analyze the following aspects: how has how they sell and promote their products changed during the pandemic, how have they managed their economy, what benefits have they received from the government and what is their opinion of the economic reactivation proposed by the government?. © GKA Ediciones, authors.

Mapping Social Cohesion and Identity in Intercultural Public Spaces: The Case of Germantown

Across the world, the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has challenged urban systems and structures, highlighting societal vulnerabilities within cities, and uncovering systemic inequalities among their communities. At the same time, the measures enacted in response to the pandemic revealed the important role of social interactions and cohesion in supporting resilient communities during challenging times. We know that strong social ties among various communities, particularly in intercultural cities can promote civic engagement and participation. However we do not know enough about the mechanisms, processes, places, and tools that create these social ties. We need more insight on how people create opportunities for equitable planning and recovery from unexpected and potentially catastrophic events. This chapter examines the role of urban public space in developing and maintaining social ties, focusing on intercultural communities during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Our focus on interculturalism is influenced by Levrau and Loobyuck's (2018) definition, which gives special attention to the contact between people of different backgrounds and shared community memberships. Interculturalism creates a new paradigm based on the idea of interpersonal contact as a tool to create a stronger sense of societal belonging. To this end, we pose the following question: can social interactions, identity, and cohesion in public spaces be mapped spatially as a means to document and identify community resilience in the intercultural urban context? This will help us understand how public spaces support the people and communities around them, as places of gathering, well-being, and civic expression. This work will shed light on the role of public space in developing and maintaining strong social ties in intercultural communities at the neighborhood level. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Participatory Actions in Virtual Spaces. The Role of Images in the Construction of Shared Spaces

Participatory actions in public spaces are practices of encounter with the potential to reinforce social ties and foster a renewed sense of belonging to places. They are well-established and widely practiced – both at the national level [1] and internationally [2, 3] – as modes of exploration [4] and participation that are located at the intersection between different disciplinary domains. The particular form of participatory action discussed here ideally takes place on the street, in squares, and on public ground, via interventions that are often temporary in nature and involve the transformation, but even more fundamentally the re-appropriation, of collective space. The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, among its numerous repercussions, has also made it difficult if not impossible to carry out such forms of participation in person and on public ground. It has thus become necessary to modify and reformulate the ways in which participatory action is implemented, so as to continue harnessing its communicative power, and to identify new ways of fostering participation, at a time when it is needed more urgently than ever to counteract the risk of isolation. In this paper, we present and discuss forms of participatory action that have recently been transposed into virtual public space and are primarily based on the sharing of images. We investigate the possibilities and valences of such an approach, both in general and at this specific historical moment. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The Ideology of Public Space and the New Urban Hygienism: Tactical Urbanism in Times of Pandemic

This essay interprets the implementation of "tactical urbanism” as the latest step in the urban technocratic project aimed at destroying or at least subduing all actual urban life, thus as a form of urbicide. It presents the case of Barcelona, where in the spring of 2020 the "new municipalism” city council developed several interventions based on tactical urbanism, aiming at guaranteeing a prophylactic environment against the spread of COVID19. Though presented as temporary, these transformations ended up being permanent, combining with other urban policies such as the "superblocks” (supermanzanas), justified as countering climate change. The essay argues that these policies aimed at refurbishing outdoor urban spaces reiterate the hygienist vocation of early nineteenth-century urbanism, born as a "science” precisely in the Catalan capital. The growing influence of tactical urbanism is analyzed in the framework of a left-wing municipal government that attempts to develop a new orientation in city governance and that employs as a crucial discourse a rhetoric of public space as an ethical arena for good citizenship. Though this urbanism is exhibited as environmentally friendly, it is inscribed in a long tradition of policies aimed at sanitizing cities by removing their natural tendency at being spaces for conflict. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.